| Subject |
Definition |
|
Agricultural Implements and Operations |
Agriculture is the cultivation of live products to sustain human life. This subject refers to all tools
needed to perform agricultural activities. This includes implements for operations such as cultivation,
harvesting, processing, packaging, storage, and transport of agricultural goods - e.g. cattle, grain,
potatoes, etc. |
| Arts: Fine, Polite, and Ornamental |
This subject refers to any forms of art, either visual, conceptual, or musical, and the tools required
to produce them. This can include actual works of art and performance pieces, as well as implements
such as cameras, instruments, and other related items. |
|
Calorifics, Lamps, Stoves, etc. |
A calorific is anything relating to or generating heat or calorie burning devices.
Therefore, this subject refers to heat- and energy-giving inventions, such as lamps, furnaces, chimneys,
and stoves. |
| Chemical Process, Manufacture and Composition |
A chemical process involves a reaction that changes the chemical composition of one or more substances.
The manufacture and composition of chemicals would be any process for creating, mixing, or changing
these substances. Examples include combustible gases, batteries, and other processes. |
| Civil Engineering and Architecture |
Civil engineering refers to the design, construction, and maintenance of structures. Architecture refers
to the designing and erecting of buildings. This subject can include processes of design and construction,
as well as buildings and structures themselves, including bridges, walls, and buildings.
|
| Communication Instruments and Operations |
This subject refers to any and all instruments, devices, and operations that serve as ways for communication.
This can include telegraphing, package delivery, and postal services. |
|
Fire Arms and Implements of War |
This subject refers to all implements involved in the acts of war and battle, and other related activities.
This can include actual firearms, cannons, and ammunition, as well as troop supplies, and military
operations.
|
|
Grinding Mills and Mill Gearing |
A mills refers to a machine for grinding or crushing substances. This subject refers to all implements
and operations involved in the process of grinding and processing substances. It can include actual
grinding mills and the gears included in them, as well as improved methods for completing the process. |
|
Household Furniture |
This subject refers to any furniture or appliance on the scale of household use. This can include dressers,
desks, and shutters, as well as ice boxes, laundry tools, and cupboards. |
| Hydraulics and Pneumatics |
Hydraulics refers to the science of moving fluids and energy transmitted by the flow. Where as, pneumatics
refers to mechanical properties of gases. These two terms can include turbines, water wheels, and
hydraulic lifts. |
|
Land Conveyance |
This subject refers to the movement of objects, including people, to different location; in essence can
refer to land transportation. It can include railroads and its system, cars, and any means of transporting
goods or objects. |
| Leather Tanning, Dressing and Manufacturing |
This subject refers to the manufacturing process and uses for leather. Tanning is the process of turning
animal skin into leather and dressing is a conditioning process of the leather. It can include machines
for manufacturing,such as a tanning machine,and uses of leather, such as driving straps.
|
| Lever, Screw and Other Mechanical Power |
This subject refers to simple machines, for example the lever, screw and ramp. It also refers to apparati
that create a mechanical advantage for the user. Examples of devices can include crank motion, pulley
systems, and screw jacks. |
| Lumber, Machines for Manufacturing |
This subject refers to the the preparation of lumber as well as the manufacturing of it, including tools
for manufacturing. This can include saws, barrel-making machines, and dovetailing. |
|
Manufacture of Fibrous and Textile Substances |
This subject refers to the transformation of fibers into textiles or fabric. Fibers are found generally
from plants or animal fur and then made into thread for creating fabric. The cloth is then made into
various items. This can include looms, india-rubber manufacturing and sewing machines. |
| Mathematical, Philosophical, and Optical Instruments |
This subject refers to tools used for the study/practice of mathematics, studying philosophy, and optical
implementations. Instruments for mathematics can include a straight edge or compass. Philosophical
instruments can include anything used for gaining general knowledge or understanding existence, for
example barometers, hygrometers, and scales to name a few. Optical tools can consist of chromoscopes,
and telescopes. |
| Metallurgy and Manufacture of Metals |
Metallurgy is the art and science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use.
This category includes any machines, processes, etc. that modify metals and any uses of metals themselves.
This can include new alloys, smelting processes, etc. |
| Miscellaneous |
Miscellaneous is defined as dealing with or interested in diverse subjects. For the purposes of this
database the category of miscellaneous includes engravings that don't fit well into any other of
the subjects or are not common enough to merit their own subject. |
|
Navigation and Maritime Implements |
Navigation is defined as the act, activity, or process of finding the way to get to a place. Maritime
can be defined as of or relating to sailing on the sea, or doing business by sea. Implements in both
of these cases can be a variety of objects from tools related to each subject to full-blown ship
designs. Navigation can also relate to land and air as well. Example of some of these implements
could be compasses, rudders, nets, scuba gear, hull-design, etc.
|
|
Pedagogical |
This subject refers to the science of education, and more specifically instructional theory. It includes
scientific or educational articles intended to provide scholarly information to readers. |
| Printing and Writing Implements |
This subject includes all instruments and operations that deal with placing words upon paper or other
mediums. This can consist of printing presses, engraving machines, writing instruments such as pens
and pencils, or other similar implements. |
|
Steam and Gas Engines |
These are engines which use steam or gas to power them. Engines convert energy (in these cases, the steam
or gas) into mechanical motion, i.e. propelling a vehicle forward. This subject can also include
components of and accessories to the engines. |
| Stone and Clay Manufactures |
This subject refers to the manufacturing and refining of clay and stone. It can range from brick making
to refining for gold. |
| Surgical and Medical Instruments |
Surgical in this case is defined as relating to the process of performing a medical operation. Medical
in this case means relating to, or concerned with physicians or the practice of medicine. Instruments
for both of these definitions can be more related to any tools that would be used or assist in any
of these practices. |
|
Wearing Apparel and Implements for Manufacturing |
For all intents and purposes apparel is treated synonymously as clothing, or items related to clothing.
Implements for manufacturing wearing apparel would be any machine or process that helps to produce
apparel or related articles. Examples of apparel are shirts, pants, jackets, etc. Examples of implements
for manufacturing would be looms, sewing machines, etc. |